Engineering and Applied Science Letters (EASL) (2617-9709 Online, 2617-9695 Print) is an international and fully open-access journal from the publishers of Ptolemy Research Press. We publish scientifically valid primary research from all areas of the Engineering and Applied Sciences. We publish one volume containing four issues in March, June, September and December each year. The accepted papers will be published online immediately in the currently running issue.
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Abstract:Entropy patterns typically transfer actions of two-state relations in nonlinear systems. Here, multivalent logic is applied from autowave fields to selected Quantum Neurophysical systems.
Abstract:This study investigates contemporary and emerging transportation problems in North-central Nigeria. Its primary objective is to identify and characterize the major challenges facing passengers within the region and to propose a sustainable institutional framework for improved transportation management. The study draws upon data collected through field audits in three North-central states: the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nasarawa, and Niger. Key findings highlight the lack of developed transit connections to major activity centers. The study concludes that these challenges stem from inefficiencies within the existing institutional mechanisms for transportation management. To address this, the study proposes the establishment of an effective, innovative transport system, such as an intercity train network within the North-central zone, as a sustainable transportation management strategy for the region.
Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to introduce and evaluate novel iterative methods for approximating solutions to nonlinear equations, which leverage the power of the variational iteration technique. Specifically, we present a comprehensive analysis of the proposed methods and demonstrate their effectiveness through various examples. Moreover, we provide a comparative analysis with other existing methods and conclude that the newly developed methods offer a competitive alternative. Our results highlight the potential of this approach in generating a diverse set of iterative methods for solving nonlinear equations. Therefore, this study contributes to the ongoing efforts to improve the efficiency and accuracy of nonlinear equation solving techniques.
Abstract:The purpose of this study is to present a generalized class of estimators using the three-stage Optional Randomized Response Technique (ORRT) in the presence of non-response and measurement errors on a sensitive study variable. The proposed estimator makes use of dual auxiliary information. The expression for the bias and mean square error of the proposed estimator are derived using Taylor series expansion. The proposed estimator’s applicability is proven using real data sets. A numerical study is used to compare the efficiency of the proposed estimator with adapted estimators of the finite population mean. The suggested estimator performs better than adapted ordinary, ratio, and exponential ratio-type estimators in the presence of both non-response and measurement errors. The efficiency of the proposed estimator of population mean declines as the inverse sampling rate, non-response rate, and sensitivity level of the survey question increase.
Abstract:Second-order macroscopic vehicular traffic flow models are categorized under two broad headings based on the direction of their characteristics. Faster-than-vehicle waves are often called isotropic models vis-\'{a}-vis anisotropic models with slower-than-vehicle characteristic speed. The dispute on the supremacy among these families of models is the motivation for this paper. This paper compares and contrasts six distinctive second-order macroscopic models using a numerical simulation and analysis. Three models are characterized by faster-than-vehicle waves with their corresponding anisotropic counterparts. Simulation results on the formation of deceleration waves and the dissolution of acceleration fans are presented to graphically compare the wave profiles of the selected isotropic and anisotropic traffic models. Observably, these opposing models can all characterize these physical traffic phenomena to the same degree. Thus, faster characteristic speed conceptualization of second-order macroscopic equations does not tantamount to model failure but rather lies in the explanation of this property.
Abstract:In this paper, the comparative study of Fadugba-Falodun Scheme (FFS) and the Improved Euler’s Method (IEM) is presented. IEM and FFS have been used successfully for the solution of second order ordinary differential equation. FFS is a numerical method recently proposed by means of an interpolating function involving a transcendental function of exponential type. In order to discuss the efficiency and accuracy of the two methods, an illustrative example has been presented in the context of the Exact Solution (ES) and the absolute relative errors computed at each mesh point of the integration interval under consideration. The numerical results show that there is no significant difference between the FFS and ES, unlike its counterpart IEM. Hence, FFS is a good numerical method for the solution of the second order initial value problem in ordinary differential equations. All calculations have been carried out via MATLAB (R2014a) in double precision.
Abstract:This paper is devoted to a study of the numerical solution of the thermoelastic model describing the contact problem between the body and a rigid foundation that is thermally conducting. The linear thermoelastic constitutive law describes the behavior of the material. The contact is frictionless and described with Signorini’s condition and a thermal contact condition when the heat exchange coefficient depends on the contact pressure. We aim to present a detailed description of the numerical modeling of the problem. on this end, we use a penalty method to approximate the constraints. Finally, we provide numerical simulations to study a two-dimensional example and compare the penalty problem with the Lagrangian one.
Abstract:Poultry farms in Ghana are experiencing a decline, and some are at risk of collapsing due to the high cost of poultry feed. The aim of this paper is to assist poultry farmers in increasing their profits by reducing the cost of poultry feed. The linear programming technique is implemented to utilize locally available feed ingredients to formulate layer feed mix for the various stages of poultry growth, which includes chick mash (starter), grower, and prelayer. Mathematical models are constructed based on the nutrient requirements of the layers, nutrient composition of the available ingredients, and any other restrictions on the available ingredients for the formulation. Seven decision variables and eleven constraints are identified. Compared to the existing practice, it is estimated that the LP model’s optimal solution can reduce feed formulation costs by approximately 30%, 19%, and 14% in chick mash, grower, and prelayer, respectively.
Abstract: In this paper, we formulate a new seven-step algorithm using a modified new iterative method for the numerical solution of the nonlinear gas dynamics equation. Three test cases are considered to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method. Furthermore, numerical solutions show a good agreement with analytical solutions and some available examples from the available literature.
Abstract: The “angle trisection-halting problem” impossibility analogy is fundamentally based on the obscure perception that; the classical geometric notion of constructability in Euclidean plane geometry corresponds to the modern theory of computability. Specifically, the difficulty of empirical trisectability of any angle has been viewed as analogous to the impossibility of solving the halting problem. The primary goal of this paper is to establish the inherent incompatibility between the geometric trisectioning of angles and the halting problem. The exposed proof concern the genetic solutions methodic characterization of the inconsistencies between the angle trisection problem and the halting problem. We show that regarding their attempts at solutions, the genetic trisectability of an arbitrary angle leads to solving the halting problem in geometric cryptographic schemes. It is upon the characteristic inconsistencies that we establish a provable refute of the validity of considering the practical applications of geometric cryptography as a solid source for cryptographic principles.
Abstract: In a recent review paper related to energy storage, the authors noted that, in a bid to enhance the performance of the anode of a lithium-ion battery (LIB), that a part of the mechanism involved the ability of silicon (Si) and graphene oxide to bind, and that this process was aided by the ”mutual attraction of heterosexual charges” [1], a term or mechanism that was said to be derived from another paper [2]. A LIB, or any battery for that matter, does not have a bisexual, heterosexual or any sexual charge. It seems that this odd term and jargon neologism, or tortured phrase, was introduced as a result of mistranslation of an established term or jargon, ”opposite charges”. As such, it constitutes an error in need of correction. The wider implications for energy storage research such as LIBs, as well as for bibliometrics, are discussed.
Abstract: The evolution of 4G networks has led to the development of different applications based on its powerful network capacity. Although, in the future with the presence of 5G (the fifth generation of network), the network of network, it is predicted that an incredible number of new services, with different business actors will be involved, are going to stem, exploit and explore. This paper briefly introduces the fifth generation of mobile network, 5G, in terms of capabilities, use cases and key enabling technologies, provides key concepts of information security, including availability, integrity and confidentiality. It also highlights the important of security in 5G landscape.
Abstract: Methods to determine the environmental consequences of circular strategies may be a prerequisite for the circular economy. However, the weighting factors of the criteria groups in the international L.1023 circularity scoring standard need to be determined beforehand. No comprehensive analysis of the connection between carbon footprint based life cycle assessment (LCA) results – of the product to be evaluated and redesigned – and these weighting factors has been published. Here a method, based on lifetime reduction and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), for establishing weighting factors in the L.1023 standard for circularity scoring of electronic goods (EEE), is presented. The scope of the present investigation is the life cycle of a generic EEE evaluated with the L.1023 standard, AHP and carbon emissions. Statistical hypothesis testing at the single circularity score level shows that for the EEE example, the chance of mistakenly favoring the redesigned alternative over the status quo when they are in reality indistinguishable can be as low as 0.6%.
Abstract:This study focused on line integral and its applications. The study was designed to show the areas where line integral is applicable and point out the role of line integral in solving practical problems. The study found out that space curves, and the concepts of scalar and vector fields are basic concepts to deal line integral. Also, the study found out that line integral is used to calculate mass, center of mass and moments of inertia of a wire, work done by a force on an object moving in a vector field, magnetic field around a conduct, voltage generated in a loop, length of a curve, area of a region bounded by a closed curve, and volume of a solid formed by rotating a closed curve about the \(x-\)axis.
Abstract:Enhancement of heat and mass transfer heat over rotating plates in industrial processes is a major area of research recently due to several attempts to find cost-effective means. In this study, the flow of Williamson fluid is considered because of its ability to exhibit pseudo-plastic and shear-thinning properties. A theoretical analysis of the effect of Coriolis force and the angle inclination on the magnetohydrodynamic flow of Williamson fluid is considered. The flow is modelled by including Coriolis force and angle of inclination in the Navier-Stokes equation. By adopting a suitable similarity transformation, the system of governing partial differential equations is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations which are solved using bvp4c solver in MATLAB. The simulations are depicted as graphs and it is found that velocity increases with increasing Coriolis force while it decreases as the magnetic field strength and inclination angle increases. Also, the local skin friction reduces as the rotation increases. Hence, to boost heat and mass transfer in the flow of fluid over a rotating inclined plate in a magnetic field, it is recommended that rotation should be increased and magnetic field strength should be reduced.
Abstract:In this paper, by using \(t\)-norms, we introduce fuzzy subalgebras and fuzzy \(d\)-ideals of \(d\)-algebra and investigate some properties of them. Moreover, we define the cartesian product and intersection of fuzzy subalgebras and fuzzy \(d\)-ideals of \(d\)-algebra. Finally, by homomorphisms of \(d\)-algebras, we consider the image and pre-image of them.
Abstract:Water scarcity comes with its attendant socio-economic effects. This paper evaluated the potential water supply and sanitation facilities in Dagbolu-Nigeria to boost economy. Facilities survey was carried out for the study including information from water, sanitation and health institutions across the State. GIS approach was used to depict the groundwater recharge potential of the study area.15.3% of the populace have access to potable water while 32.5% have access to good sanitation. Water-related diseases in the area are preponderantly malaria (81.2%), diarrhoea (8.41%), typhoid fever (3.40%), dysentery (3.22%) and cholera (2.76%). Annual loss due to unproductive downtime sickness in the Nigeria is estimated to be N 414,763,442,768:00. Improve management through effective policies of water resources leading to good water supply, hygiene and sanitation will enhance development or our underdeveloped countries.
Abstract:Wastewater discharged by dye manufacturing and textile finishing industries has become an environmental concern. The textile dyeing plants utilize a variety of synthetic dyes and dump massive amounts of dyeing effluent because the uptake of these dyes by fabrics is very low. The plant’s photosynthetic activity is significantly harmed by this highly colored textile dyeing effluent, impairs aquatic life because of its low light penetration and oxygen consumption. Owing to the presence of heavy metallic materials and chlorine in synthetic dyes, it could also be harmful to some aquatic creatures. Therefore, these textile wastewaters need to be treated before their discharge. Various techniques for dealing with textile dyeing effluent have been discussed in this paper. Treatment techniques presented in this study include oxidation methods, physical methods, and biological methods. Also, the paper is prepared to compile all the updated data on textile dyeing effluents’ characterization and their impact on the environment from various journals and websites and some from personal communication with some factories. Since an extensive range of synthetic dyes, namely, azo dye, vat dye, reactive dye, disperse dye, is widely used in the textile industry, some of the dyeing effluents’ physicochemical parameters surpassed their standard limits. Hence, these days, the proper monitoring and corrective steps such as the elimination process have become the most thoughtful tasks globally, particularly the developing and transition economies. It is crucial to take immediate action to minimize environmental emissions due to the discharge of untreated textile dye waste.
Engineering and Applied Science Letters (EASL), an international and interdisciplinary open-access scientific journal, publishes regular research papers, short notes and survey papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical researches in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. Full experimental and/or methodical details must be provided, so that the results can be reproduced and published.
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There is no article processing or publication charges. This journal is free for both authors and readers.
Hari Mohan Srivastava
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3R4, Canada
Muhammad Imran
Department of Mathematics, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Waqas Nazeer
University of Education, Lahore Pakistan
E-mail: easl@pisrt.org – nazeer.waqas@ue.edu.pk
Farhan Ammar Ahmad
University of Management and Technology, Pakistan
E-mail: engr.easl@pisrt.org – farhan.sayal@post.umt.edu.pk
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