PROLAZAK TJESNACIMA NA PRIMJERU RUSKOUKRAJINSKIH ODNOSA U AZOVSKOM MORU. (Croatian)
In: Comparative Maritime Law / Poredbeno Pomorsko Pravo, Jg. 59 (2020), Heft 174, S. 39-74
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Zugriff:
The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea was, inter alia, an attempt to create an integral system of rules governing passage through straits. Nevertheless, straits that are entryways into pluri-state bays remain a controversial issue. An interesting example of this situation is the Kerch Strait leading into the Sea of Azov. These areas received more attention from the international community after 25 November 2018, when three Ukrainian vessels were prevented from passing through the Kerch Strait by the authorities of the Russian Federation. The Sea of Azov is wide enough to accommodate maritime areas in which freedom of navigation exists. However, in 2003 its coastal states, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, concluded the Agreement on Cooperation on the Use of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait. In this Agreement, the coastal states proclaimed that the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait form part of their internal waters, citing historical reasons for doing so. Regulation concerning navigation rights contained in the Agreement is stricter than the rules governing transit passage, which would be applicable as general law. This paper addresses the question of the admissibility of applying the 2003 Agreement to its target maritime areas. Some aspects of the rights and duties of ships in passage according to the regimes of both the 2003 Agreement and transit passage contained in the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention are also considered. The reason for this examination is that both the Russian Federation and Ukraine claim that the other side failed to comply with its duties. Finally, conclusions are drawn as to which regime seems to be applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Konvencijom Ujedinjenih naroda o pravu mora iz 1982. nastojalo se stvoriti cjelovit sustav pravnog uređenja prolaska tjesnacima. Ipak, režim u tjesnacima koji se nalaze na ulazu u zaljeve čijim obalama vlada više država, ni nakon stupanja na snagu Konvencije iz 1982. nije bez dvojbi. Kao ilustrativan nameće se primjer Kerčkog tjesnaca i Azovskog mora. Pravni status ovih morskih prostora zadobio je veću pozornost međunarodne javnosti zbog događaja koji su se zbili 25. studenog 2018., kada su vlasti Ruske Federacije spriječile tri ukrajinska broda u pokušaju prolaska Kerčkim tjesnacem. Azovsko more dovoljno je široko kako bi u njemu, prema općem režimu postojali morski pojasevi u kojima vrijedi načelo slobode plovidbe. Nasuprot tome, obalne države, Ruska Federacija i Ukrajina zaključile su 2003. Sporazum o suradnji u korištenju Azovskim morem i Kerčkim tjesnacem. Njime su Azovsko more i Kerčki tjesnac proglašeni unutrašnjim morskim vodama obalnih država pozivanjem na historijske razloge. Ruska Federacija i Ukrajina su Sporazumom iz 2003. uredile pitanje plovidbe Azovskim morem i Kerčkim tjesnacem restriktivnije od odredbi o tranzitnom prolasku, koje bi bile primjenjive kao opće pravo. U radu se razmatra pravna dopustivost primjene režima sadržanog u Sporazumu iz 2003. nasuprot opće primjenjivom režimu tranzitnog prolaska. Prikazuju se i pojedini aspekti prava i obveza brodova u prolasku prema jednom i drugom režimu, s obzirom na pozivanje Ruske Federacije i Ukrajine na međusobno nepoštivanje tih prava i obveza u reakcijama na događaje od 25. studenog 2018. Na kraju, ponuđeni su zaključci o primjenjivom režimu na plovidbu Kerčkim tjesnacem općenito i u okolnostima navedenih događaja. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Titel: |
PROLAZAK TJESNACIMA NA PRIMJERU RUSKOUKRAJINSKIH ODNOSA U AZOVSKOM MORU. (Croatian)
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Autor/in / Beteiligte Person: | PETRINEC, BOREN ; ŽGANEC-BRAJŠA, LEON |
Zeitschrift: | Comparative Maritime Law / Poredbeno Pomorsko Pravo, Jg. 59 (2020), Heft 174, S. 39-74 |
Veröffentlichung: | 2020 |
Medientyp: | academicJournal |
ISSN: | 1331-9914 (print) |
DOI: | 10.21857/94kl4czr1m |
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