КОНСЕКВЕНЦІЯ ПОЛЬСЬКОГО СІЧНЕВОГО ПОВСТАННЯ ДЛЯ ІНСТИТУТУ ПРЕДВОДИТЕЛЯ ДВОРЯНСТВА НА ПРАВОБЕРЕЖНІЙ УКРАЇНІ (60-ТІ РОКИ ХІХ СТ.). (Chinese)

The southwestern part of the Russian Empire held a distinct status as a region. The social structure of the three right-bank provinces – Kyiv, Volyn, and Podillia – was characterized by ethnic diversity, with a predominant presence of inhabitants of Polish descent. Right-bank Ukraine had a different form of social representation, legislation, and established traditions. These differences had to be taken into account by the Russian autocracy after the region’s incorporation following the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was envisaged that the Charter of the Nobility granted to the Russian nobility by Catherine II in 1785 would also guarantee stability in these lands, at least politically. Conventionally, it remained the case until the Polish November Uprising of 1830- 1831. However, afterwards, the Russian imperial government revised its policy regarding the local gentry, depriving it of many privileges. Despite the gradual transformation of the rightbank gentry (through processes of legitimization, nobilitation, and declassment), the most radical changes occurred after the Polish January Uprising of 1863-1864, to which the government of the Russian Empire responded with numerous punitive measures and sharp prohibitions. It included restrictions on the estate-based self-government of the gentry in Right-Bank Ukraine. By connecting all these elements in context, one can trace the persistence of Russification policies in the region and their consequences. Therefore, given many reasons for the prolonged war between Russia and Ukraine, the article’s topic remains relevant to this day. The article focuses on the transitional period of the 1860s, specifically on changes in the government’s personnel policy from the perspective of the institution of the nobility leader. In the three right-bank provinces, the noble self-government leaders of the new generation (such as O. Horvat, V. Zalensky, and A. Morkov) acted as agents of increased Russification of the region. From 1866 onwards, officials were no longer elected to the position of gubernatorial nobility leader. Instead, this prestigious position for that time was exclusively filled by nobles of Russian origin from the central Russian provinces. They were incentivized by administrative and material benefits, which aimed to encourage them to seek service in the empire actively. Thus, both the gubernatorial and county nobility leaders acquired the status of state officials with all the advantages of government service. Consequently, the last third of the 19th century became an actual test of resilience for representatives of the privileged class, not only on the imperial scale but also in terms of the effectiveness of corporate organizations at the gubernatorial level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Відлунням поразки Польського Січневого повстання у Південно-Західному Краї Російської імперії стало посилення економічного та політичного тиску на місцеве дворянство, яке у розумінні самодержавства повинне бути опорою влади. Оскільки у Київській, Волинській і Подільській губерніях інститути влади були представлені у переважній більшості службовцями польського походження, це стало приводом посилення русифікаторської політики шляхом обмеження станового самоврядування в регіоні. У статті акцентується увага на перехідному періоді зміни кадрової політики з перспективи інституту предводителя дворянства. Губернські предводителі нової генерації виступали суб’єктами посилення русифікації регіону. Фінансування. Стаття підготовлена під час перебування на стипендіальній програмі Research Perspektive Ukraine в Німецькому Історичному Інституті у Варшаві. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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