A first phylogenomic hypothesis for Eulophidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)

Fastq raw reads are available as NCBI Sequence Read Archives (BioSamples IDs are listed in TableS1). The concatenated data set and newick treefiles are available from Zenodo. We dedicate this work to the memory of our dear friend and colleague John LaSalle, specialist of Eulophidae, who influenced all authors and published the first molecular phylogenetic hypothesis of the family with one of us (NG). John sent JYR many of the eulophid genera from Australia for sequencing and was an enthusiastic member of our project on the UCE phylogenomics of Chalcidoidea. ; International audience ; Eulophidae is a hyper-diverse family of chalcidoid wasps with 324 genera, about 5300 described species and probably thousands of others to be described. Until now, the absence of unequivocal morphological apomorphies and the low resolution provided by the handful of Sanger sequenced genes have hampered the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships within the family. Here, we used ultra-conserved elements and their flanking regions to resolve relationships among 84 species of eulophids included in 63 genera representing all subfamilies and most tribes, plus 15 outgroups. Our analyses recover all traditional Eulophidae subfamilies and tribes with high support and globally agree with the traditional classification of the family. Our results confirm that Eulophinae + Tetrastichinae is the sister group of (Opheliminae + Entiinae) + Entedoninae. At the generic level, our analyses provide high support for intergeneric relationships for which morphology and Sanger markers previously failed to provide resolution. Our results also confirm thatTrisecodesdoes not group with Eulophidae and may not belong to this family; however, its correct classification still awaits a large-scale phylogenomic hypothesis for Chalcidoidea. This work opens new avenues towards a better understanding of the evolutionary history, biogeography and evolution of host-parasitoid associations in this hyper-diverse family of chalcidoid wasps.