CREATION OF RUSSIAN PARAMILITARY AND VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS, THEIR USING IN THE WAR AGAINST UKRAINE IN 2014–2016 ; СТВОРЕННЯ РОСІЙСЬКИХ ПАРАМІЛІТАРНИХ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ І ДОБРОВОЛЬЧИХ ФОРМУВАНЬ ТА ЇХ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ У ВІЙНІ ПРОТИ УКРАЇНИ У 2014–2016 РОКАХ

Paramilitary organizations and voluntary formations (detachments, groups) that are actively involvedin promotion of its imperial expansionist policy on the territories of independent and sovereign states, includingUkraine, are a peculiarity and peculiar property of Russia. At the same time, an aggressor country offi ciallyremains aloof from these processes. Involvement of similar paramilitary organizations and formations in modernwars, in which Russia takes a direct part, is closely related to the hybridity of their actions. The analysis of thelatest publications and materials shows that the fi rst Russian paramilitary organizations were created in theearly 2000s, followed by the regional public organization E.N.O.T. and the military-patriotic club “Rezerv”,and with the beginning of Russia’s aggression in the east of Ukraine in 2014 — the nationalist organization“Union of Donbas Volunteers”. It was established that in the early 1990s, the following paramilitary formations(detachments, groups) were created: “Russian Voluntary Detachments”, “Russian Imperial Legion” (“ImperialLegion”, “Tsarskie Wolves”), later — “Volunteer Communist Detachment”, the nationalist paramilitarygroup “Serbian volunteer detachment “Jovan Shevych”, an airborne assault reconnaissance group “Rusych”,in 2014 the nationalists of “Union of Donbas Volunteers” — detachments “North”, “Veresk” and “Center”, aswell as battalions “Oriol” and “Rurik”. These paramilitary organizations and formations can be considereda certain prototype and prerequisite for the creation of Russian private military companies, which directlyparticipated in armed confl icts in the post-Soviet space, in particular in Prydnistrovia, the North Caucasus, andYugoslavia in the 1990s, and are actively used by Russia during the aggression against Ukraine since 2014. ; У статті з’ясовано, що починаючи 1990-х рр. у росії почали створюватися перші парамілітарні формування (загони, групи), зокрема «Российские добровольческие отряды», «Российский имперский легион» («Имперский ...