The 'International Group for Typological Research' and the Development of Prehistoric Archaeology (1950-1990). Demand and opposition to the professionalization of a science between disciplinary construction and ideals of scientific autonomy ; Le « Groupe international de recherches typologiques » et le développement de l’archéologie préhistorique (années 1950–1990). Revendication et refus de la professionnalisation d’une science entre construction disciplinaire et idéaux d’autonomie scientifique

International audience ; Analyses of the professionalization of scientific research fields sometimes accommodate a linear conception where professional practices would succeed amateur practices. However, this binary conception leaves out a range of irreducible practices from these two categories: the promotion of antagonistic forms of professionalization or, again, the joint rejection of amateurism and professionalization, are phenomena whose importance may have been neglected in the history of science. This thesis is defended by analysing the experience of the French archaeologist Georges Laplace and the International Group of Typological Research, a collective that he led around theoretical and methodological work in prehistoric archaeology. Based on about ten archival collections, the article describes the positioning and repositioning of these researchers in relation to the professionalization of archaeology and the significant transformations in the relationship between learned societies and national research organizations that occurred between the 1940s and 2000s. The resistance to professionalization opposed by these researchers, as well as the new forms of organization they proposed for archaeological activities, are in some respects similar to the forms of scientific protest that developed particularly in the 1970s and 1980s. However, despite their originality, they can be analysed on the basis of general models of the dynamics of scientific activities. ; Les analyses de la professionnalisation de domaines de recherche scientifique s’accommodent parfois d’une conception linéaire où les pratiques professionnelles succéderaient aux pratiques amateurs. Or, cette conception binaire laisse échapper un éventail de pratiques irréductibles à ces deux catégories : la promotion de formes antagonistes de professionnalisation ou, encore, le refus conjoint de l’amateurisme et de la professionnalisation, sont des phénomènes dont l’importance peut avoir été négligée en histoire des sciences. Cette thèse est défendue ...